Case study

Hawking’s 1988 popularization of general relativity, quantum mechanics, and cosmology — written for readers with no physics background. By acknowledged design every equation past E=mc² was removed; technical apparatus was substituted with analogies; qualifications were compressed into single sentences. Sold over 25 million copies. The original papers Hawking popularized have probably been read in full by under ten thousand people. Optionality-vs-access trade in scientific popularization, with the same shape as software stratification: the popular form gains reach by trading the precision the technical form preserves.

Connections

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